Case studies
The four EMBED case studies have been selected to encapsulate key issues surrounding the application of an ecosystems approach and to extend and not duplicate what has already been achieved through other work or initiatives funded by Defra and others. In particular, the work will examine the extent to which a place-based perspective may usefully frame questions such as those about environmental limits and values that arise in applying an ecosystems approach. As a result the study will help Defra and its partners to better understand how the links between ecosystem services and human well-being can be taken into account in decision making at different spatial and temporal scales.

